Affirmative Action...Why essays

Affirmative Action...Why essays In the beginning of the 1960s minorities and women were treated as though they were sub-human. They were thrown in jail for no reason, given stereotypes by the majority, and cursed upon in the streets. An uprising began to occur called the Civil Rights Movement. They called for the fair treatment of all men regardless of race. In the following years, President Lyndon B. Johnson took steps to write what is to be known today as the Civil Rights Act of 1965. With this bill came affirmative action. Affirmative action enabled minority men and women to get jobs that they would otherwise never get. To Johnson, affirmative action grew from the belief that the Constitution guarantees more than just an end to illegal. The act tried to create a just method of obtaining jobs during the racial times of the 1960s and 70s. In 1965, President Johnson used the term affirmative action to inform federal contractors to treat job-applicants and employees without regards to their race, color, religion, sex, or national origin (La Noue). In the preceding year the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed simply to make laws fair to all races, sexes, and religions; or color-blind. However, such a movement went further than merely giving equal opportunities to everyone. The United States took upon itself the responsibility to give opportunities to minorities by giving them favors such as: hiring, promotion, college admission, and the awarding of government contracts. Such policies did not express the true meaning of equal opportunities, which was introduced in the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and provided for a means in which all people would receive equal treatment, but rather took its own steps into a form of discrimination. Affirmative action is hinder on Americas working world by taking away job opportunities form those peoples that are more qualified to hold that position. Imagine that you have just gra...

UnitsDimentions Measures and calabration Essays - Systems Of Units

UnitsDimentions Measures and calabration Essays - Systems Of Units Units,Dimentions, Measures and calabration. CHEMTUTOR Measurement is the most useful form of description in science. Often the most useful measurements are those that have a number and a unit, such as 12.7 inches.' Here '12.7' is the number and 'inches' is the unit. This unit of inches in the example is one of the common units in the dimension of length. A number, then, is an expression in numerals. A unit is a recognized way to divide the essence of a dimension for measurement, and a dimension is a measurable physical idea. Here is a bit of advice you can overlook only at your peril: To become fluent in the subject you should memorize the basic background of information. The following units, dimensions, and measures are so basic to the study of Chemistry that you could always help yourself by memorizing these. The real test of whether you know this well enough is to recognize the dimensions of any measurement and know its symbol and magnitude from the unit alone. DIMENSIONS, UNITS, AND SYMBOLS Notice the symbols of the dimensions as they would be used in formulas. The basic metric symbol or the symbol of the most used metric unit is listed after the metric units. DIMENSIONSYMBOLMETRIC UNITSSYMBOLENGLISH UNITS LENGTHS, l, d, rmeter (+m.p.)mFt, in,Yd, mi, etc. AREAAsq.meter, etc,hectarem2sq.Ft, etc., acre VOLUMEVcu.meter, etc., literm3, Lcu.Ft,cu.in,etc.,gal,Floz. TIMEtsec (+m.p.) sec,min,hr,day,yr,etc.(both metric & English) MASSmKilogram (+ m.p.), AMUkg(slug, rarely used) FORCE (weight)F, FwNewton (+ m.p.)NPound (#), Oz, etc. VELOCITYvmeter/sec,KPH,etcm/secFt/sec, MPH, etc. ACCELERATIONameter/sec.sq., etc.m/sec2.Ft/sec sq., etc. PRESSUREPN/sq.m, atm.,Paatm,Pa*#/sq.in (PSI), inHg, etc. DENSITYDg/cc, Kg/liter, etc.g/cc#/cu.Ft, #/gal, etc. TEMPERATURETCelsius or KelvinCFahrenheit or Rankine ENERGYEJoule (+ m.p.)Jfoot-pound HEATQcalorie (+ m.p.)calBTU (British Thermal Unit) CONCENTRATIONC**gram/L, mol/L, MolarM(#/gal or #/cu.ft, rare) Abbreviations: Ft = foot, in = inch, AMU = atomic mass unit, KPH = kilometers per hour, MPH = miles per hour, gal = gallon, PSI = pounds per square inch, cc = cubic centimeter, inHg = inches of mercury, Pa = Pascal m.p. = metric prefixes, cu. = cubic, sq. = square, atm = atmosphere. *The unit Pa, for Pascal, is a unit of pressure that is the standard unit for the SI system, the MKS system in the metric measurements. The unit of Pascal, however, is rarely used in chemistry. Instead, the unit "atm," for "atmosphere," is still most used in chemistry. **The symbol "B" is now the official symbol for concentration in the SI, but there are still chemistry texts using the "C" as is shown here." The table above lists almost all the dimensions you will need in this course, the symbol for each dimension as it will be used in common formulas, and the units of each dimension. Notice Chemtutor has two systems of measurement displayed that you should know. There are really two commonly used metric subsystems. Most chemistry texts will use the MKS system (meter, kilogram, second) rather than the less-used CGS (centimeter, gram, second) system. A system is defined by its basic measure of distance, mass, and time.We will use the MKS system, also called the S.I., or International System. The symbol for only the basic unit of each dimension in the metric system is on the list. METRIC SYSTEM vs. "ENGLISH SYSTEM" The metric system typically uses only one root word for any basic dimension such as for length, the meter. All the metric units of length use the root word 'meter' with the metric prefixes in the next table. Our common system in the United States is not really a system, but is a thrown-together mess of measurements with no overriding order. Chemtutor, as does most of the United States, calls this group of measurements the English system. While calling it that is a considerable slander on the English people, the United States and Liberia are the only nations on earth to still cling to it. Chemtutor thinks that the English system makes a fine learning tool, along with being wonderfully poetic. You will want to know how to relate the English System to the metric system. Particularly notice the large number of units of length in the English system. This is only a small number of the common ones. We regularly use fathoms to measure depth in water and furlongs to measure distance in horse racing. There are many little-used English length units such as the barleycorn (one third of an inch) that may

Summarize a Financial management article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Summarize a Financial management - Article Example Moreover, these strategies are examined for ensuring compliance with the financial and regulatory requirements and policies of the banks. The article provides a background to the development of financial markets in the developing countries like Turkey and how the turmoil in these emerging financial markets can affect the global financial scenario. During crisis situation in the economy the role of banks is pivotal as they are considered to be the pillars of any financial system. Therefore, it is suggested in this article that banks need to adopt only those strategies that could lower their risks and improve the control over the financial position of banks in order to reduce the implications on both domestic and international financial setups. The role of asset liability management (ALM) in strategic planning of banks is highlighted in this article suggesting that the aim of such model in banks allows them to efficient manage their funds keeping their risk profiles to lowest levels and to maximize their earnings. The model is considered to be multidimensional which requires simultaneous interaction between different elements of operations in a bank, which requires high level of integration at various levels. Banks have now adopted sophisticated models of ALM; however, the outcome of ALM still depends upon the diverse management strategies followed by banks. The importance of ALM is viewed in this article from the perspective of Turkish banks that faced major financial crisis situation in the Turkish banking industry in late 2000 and early 2001. The reasons highlighted for these financial crises included poor overall macroeconomic conditions in the country and poor regulatory framework to control and manage the activity that was taking place in the Turkish banking sector. The article presents important relevant financial ratios of banks during pre- and during financial crisis periods, which

Write if you agree or disagree and why Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Write if you agree or disagree and why - Essay Example It may seem that companies are reluctant to raise wages because they are trying to protect their interests. However, when one looks at the matter critically, one will discover that an increase in the minimum wage has adverse impacts on the workers. Employers will increase the wages of their workers through increasing the prices of the goods they sell. For example, a retail shop will increase the prices of their goods, which are necessities, to cater for the government’s requirement. The changes in the consumer goods will fall hard on the individuals living below the poverty level because they will have to pay more for such goods (Macurdy n.pag). The government will have increased their purchasing power but also caused them to spend more on their consumptions. They do not benefit because the extra money they have earned goes straight to the profits of their employers. They might have to spend more because the minimal wage bill affects various sphere of the economy. Companies do not only hike prices to meet their profit objectives. They may also lay off workers. The low earners will be forced to look for jobs elsewhere (Macurdy n.pag). This increases in the burden of social workers who have to provide benefits for the unemployed. The law will increase the rate of unemployment, a state that brings with its problems. Employees will have to lose the salary that has helped them survive in the severe economy. The workers who will be retained will be forced to do a lot more for a marginal increase in their salaries. The retrenched workers will have left a gap that can only be filled with the remaining workers. They will be willing to take up the extra work because they will be too grateful to have retained their jobs. However, they will be under strenuous conditions that will reduce their job satisfaction. An increase in salaries will cause the low-income earner lose out on social benefits such as food stamps and subsidised housing charges. A

Moral reasoning and classroom conduct Essay Example for Free

Moral reasoning and classroom conduct Essay The article duplicates a research method previously used by two of the current researchers George Bear and Herbert Richards in 1981 in their research â€Å"Moral reasoning and conduct problems in the classroom. † Each of the 87 male and female participants were assessed for their individual levels of moral reasoning using Kohlberg’s Moral Judgment Interview, Form A by the research assistant. Their classroom behavior was assessed by their teachers using the Conduct Scale of the Behavior Problem Checklist. One of the strengths of the research methodology was that the teachers were blind to the results of the Moral Judgment Interview. This ensured that the teachers did not make a judgment on students’ behaviors based on the assessment of moral reasoning. The scores from these two instruments were therefore independent. Additionally, to further decrease potential rater bias the twelve interview protocol were randomly selected and scored by an independent judge. The scores produced by the research assistant and the independent judge were compared and a high level of correlation was found. Another strength is that there was pre-screening of research participants. Screening ensured equitable representation based on stage of moral reasoning, sex and grade level. The researchers justify eliminating the seven participants with stage one moral reasoning from data analysis on the grounds that this would facilitate easier duplication. This decision is still questionable since neither the current research, nor the one it replicates has accounted for the conduct of stage one students. Thus there is still a gap in the literature on how this category of students rate on their classroom conduct. One major weakness of the study is in the data collection procedures. The classroom conduct of the participants is based on the assessment of teachers. While teachers are the ones who work more intimately with students and are in a better position to assess behavioral outcomes, teacher bias often produces inaccurate data (Reynolds, 1991). As in the case of the interviews, some measures should have been put in place to diminish possible evaluator bias. Another limitation of the study is that the researchers recruited participants from both the elementary and high school levels yet did not make any controls for how this factor could have influenced either moral reasoning or conduct. The nature of the school environment can have an influence on these variables and thus, to ensure uniformity of survey conditions, it is advisable to utilize similar type schools for the survey setting. Where that is not possible or where the researchers desire to recruit participants from different school environments, the necessary controls for these factors need to be discussed in the presentation of data. 1. Identify the primary question(s) of the article. The researchers wanted to discover if the results discovered by Bear and Richards (1981) on the influence of stage of moral development on classroom conduct of middle-class students in Iowa was replicable among culturally diverse students of different ages and grade levels. They also wanted to discover if the influence of moral stage on conduct varied based on sex. 2. Identify the theoretical construct that is being used. The theoretical foundation of the research is Kohlberg’s theory of moral development. This theory postulates that individuals are at different stages of moral development ranging from one to six with each stage hierarchically higher than the other. He further stipulates that moral reasoning impacts and determines observable behavioral outcomes in different life situations. With respect to the classroom setting Kohlberg concludes that the lower the level of moral reasoning, the more disruptive behaviors will be displayed in the classroom and consequently the higher the level of moral reasoning the less problematic behaviors will be carried out in the classroom. 3. Recommend an alternative quantitative approach that could have been used for this study and support your rationale. In order to assess the classroom conduct of students I would recommend, as an alternative to the teacher-evaluated Conduct Scale of the Behavior Problem Checklist, that taped observations of classroom practice be utilized. In this approach the researchers would obtain permission from school administrators and teachers to tape two typical classroom sessions each, with a one-week interval in between. In the three school environments one classroom at each level will be included in the study. There would be one fourth-grade and one fifth-grade classroom at each of the two elementary schools and two eighth grade classrooms at the high school to give a total of six classrooms and twelve video-taped sessions. Independent evaluators would score the classroom behaviors of each of the students in the classroom independently and then their scores will be correlated to ensure inter-rater reliability. The behavior problem checklist would form the criteria for assessment of the videotapes and would be completed for each student in each classroom independently. Missing data would be eliminated from the study during analysis. The strength of this method is that it eliminates the bias that has customary been associated with teacher-evaluated instruments and thus would give a more reliable and hence valid indication of the classroom conduct of students. Classroom teachers will not be briefed as to the complete purpose of the survey so as to eliminate the influence they may exert on classroom conduct in the classroom. Additionally this method ensures that there is consistency in what behaviors are considered and how these behaviors are categorized. The evaluators of video tapes will be standardized prior to the actual evaluation procedure. Bibliography Reynolds, A. J. (1991). Early schooling of children at risk. Education Research Journal, 28, 392-422. Richards, H. C. , Stewart, A. L. , Bear, G. G. (1984). Moral reasoning and classroom conduct: A replication. Paper presented at the 92nd Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: APA. Bear, G. G. , Richards, H. C. (1981). Moral reasoning and conduct problems in the classroom. Journal of Educational Psychology, 73, 644-670.

Durgapur of India Essay -- essays research papers

Durgapur of India Home is where the heart is, and for someone, who has been born and brought up in a place, for someone who has seen the city striking roots amidst the social milieu and become a part of the lives of the people it sustains, the home is a synonym for the heart. Durgapur is a city that matches up to all the above protocol, as far as I am concerned. I used to hear from my grandfather about his journeys to the Bankura High Court, back in the 1930’s. People had to disembark from a train at a halt, not even a stop, called Durgapur. Dense, forbidding forests encircled the railway clearing. There would congregate a myriad assemblage of travelers, and when the group became a multitude, they would set off on bullock carts across the forest which was Durgapur. People had their hearts within their mouths for behind the thick crochet of bushes and the sal and seesam trees lurked many a critter and the abominable brigands, who threw stout sticks at the ankles and then looted the incapacitated victims. Downright chilly, I guess it was. Then came the transformation, thanks to the visionary endowments of one man, Dr. B.C.Roy. He seems to have realized that a state cannot be sustained by a lone city of opportunity. Other cities had to be developed, and if need be, set up. Durgapur falls under the second category of his achievements. And what an achievement it has been. From a sprawling wilderness, it has developed and how! In terms of commerce and industry, it is oft compared to the Ruhr in Germany. Today it houses around 60 large and medium sized industries and umpteen smaller ones. Everything from steel, power, natural gas, paper, chemicals to biscuits, cement and software can be found under production in this city. The f... ... generally associates with an industrial city. Stadiums have been built and the city plays host to many cultural and sports meets. Its political impact is also on the rise and more than 2000 crore rupees have been pumped into it for the last three years. There are clubs for those prefer to be social. Otherwise it is a retreat for sages. The serenity, the almost deafening silence, soothes ones senses. Violence and excitement are concepts alien to Durgapur. Durgapur is where you can still witness the seasonal changes and the city changes likewise. From scorching summers, punctuated by primitive thundershowers, to the aesthetic fall, to the chilly winter – you can feel it all. Durgapur is a supreme fusion of the essential and the ethereal, a fusion I’m proud to be part of. The city endears people, rekindles lost emotions and insurrects new ones, fond ones.

Home Theater Systems

The development of in-home theater surround sound speakers has evolved drastically in the past decade, turning people's generic living areas into replicas of movie theaters. Home theater systems were initially four-channel audio systems created originally by Dolby Digital Surround systems.With the increase in technological advancements throughout the past decade, Dolby Digital has released ts highest speaker system of seven-channels. At first, during the early 50's and 60's the movie industry found that the more channels of sound that was added, the higher enjoyment and response was given back by the audience. Therefore, as a result speakers were added behind the audience for the surrounding sounds and the left and right speakers were then used for the music. The invention of the home theater system generally relates to the reproduction of stereophonic sound.More particularly to the reproduction of the stereophonic sound associated with a video image of some sort. Images and sounds a re reproduced so hat dialog is localized to the video image and ambience or surrounding sound effects are reproduced in a manner that immerses the listener or consumer in realistic or three-dimensional sound field. In previous attempts to reproduce these sounds, numerous monophonic and stereophonic sound systems have been developed in an attempt to achieve reliable sound reproduction. 1] Monophonic audio refers to the reproduction of sound through only one channel. When using monophonic audio you cannot tell which direction the sound was produced.